No Escape: Assessing the relationship between slavery-related abuse and internal displacement in Nigeria, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ILO, IOM, and Walk Free 2023)
The report provides prevalence estimates of slavery-related abuse among internally displaced people. Surveys on recent experiences of forced labour, abduction, forced recruitment by armed groups or forces, and forced marriage were conducted among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) residing in displacement sites in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), South Sudan, and North-east Nigeria. Survey results show slavery-related abuse is common among (IDPs). Experiences of slavery-related abuse are characteristically violent and are often perpetrated by armed groups or forces to further the conflict. Results also indicate that displacement sites, such as camps, do not always offer protection from slavery-related abuse.
The report concludes that there is an urgent need to improve funding and capacity-building for the early detection of at-risk individuals and victims, to improve access to reporting mechanisms and referral pathways, to continue and enhance data collection on slavery-related abuse in these contexts, and to ensure victims have access to justice through strengthened accountability and justice mechanisms.
Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage (ILO, IOM, and Walk Free 2022)
The 2021 Global Estimates were developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO), Walk Free, and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The estimates are based on a jointly developed methodology: as was the case for the 2016 global estimates, the 2021 calculations are derived from multiple data sources, as no single source was sufficiently reliable. The principal sources are data from nationally representative household surveys – 68 forced labour surveys and 75 forced marriage surveys – jointly conducted by ILO and Walk Free, as well as the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC) anonymized case dataset on victims of trafficking collected by IOM and its partners in the process of providing protection and assistance services to trafficked persons.
UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (UNODC 2020)
The 2020 UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons is the fifth of its kind mandated by the General Assembly through the 2010 United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons. It covers 148 countries and provides an overview of patterns and flows of trafficking in persons at global, regional and national levels, based primarily on trafficking cases detected between 2016 and 2019.
Global Estimate of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage (ILO and Walk Free 2017)
The 2017 Global Estimates of Modern Slavery focus on two main issues: forced labour and forced marriage. The estimate of forced labour comprises forced labour in the private economy, forced sexual exploitation of adults and commercial sexual exploitation of children, and state-imposed forced labour.
The estimates are the result of a collaborative effort between the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Walk Free Foundation, in partnership with the International Organization for Migration (IOM). They benefited from inputs provided by other UN agencies, in particular the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
In the context of this report, modern slavery covers a set of specific legal concepts including forced labour, debt bondage, forced marriage, other slavery and slavery like practices, and human trafficking. Although modern slavery is not defined in law, it is used as an umbrella term that focuses attention on commonalities across these legal concepts. Essentially, it refers to situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, deception, and/or abuse of power.
